Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology: Basics and ApplicationThe adv antages of those systems are counterbalanced by some important dis- vantages. For one, in heterotrophic and mixotrophic systems high concentrations of organic ingredients are required in the nutrient medium (particularly sugar at 2% or more), associated with a high risk of microbial contamination. How, and to which extent this can be avoided will be dealt with in Chapter 3. Other disadvantages are the difficulties and limitations of extrapolating results based on tissue or cell c- tures, to interpreting phenomena occurring in an intact plant during its development. It has always to be kept in mind that tissue cultures are only model systems, with all positive and negative characteristics inherent of such experimental setups. To be realistic, a direct duplication of in situ conditions in tissue culture systems is still not possible even today in the 21st century, and probably never will be. The organization of the genetic system and of basic cell structures is, however, essentially the same, and therefore tissue cultures of higher plants should be better suited as model s- tems than, e.g., cultures of algae, often employed as model systems in physiological or biochemical investigations. The domain cell and tissue culture is rather broad, and necessarily unspecif ic. In terms of practical aspects, basically five areas can be distinguished (see Figs. 1.1 , 1.2 ), which here shall be briefly surveyed before being discussed later at length. |
Contents
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125923_1_En_5_Chapter_OnlinePDFpdf | 51 |
125923_1_En_6_Chapter_OnlinePDFpdf | 61 |
125923_1_En_7_Chapter_OnlinePDFpdf | 75 |
125923_1_En_8_Chapter_OnlinePDFpdf | 139 |
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125923_1_En_15_Chapter_OnlinePDFpdf | 291 |
125923_1_En_BookBackmatter_OnlinePDFpdf | 295 |
125923_1_En_9_Chapter_OnlinePDFpdf | 161 |
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens alkaloids anthers anthocyanin application auxin bioreactor biosynthesis Biotechnol Biotechnology callus carrot root explants cell and tissue cell cultures cell cycle cell division cell division activity cell suspension cultures chloroplasts coconut milk compounds concentration culture systems cultured cells cultured explants cytokinins cytoplasm Datura Daucus carota days of culture described differentiation embryo development embryogenic embryos endogenous enzymes formation fresh weight G1-phase genetic genome growth regulators hairy root haploid hormonal hybrids Imani increase induced influences initiation intact plants investigations isolated kinetin Kumar m-inositol marker genes metabolism method molecules Neumann KH nitrogen number of cells nutrient medium observed obtained pathways petiole petiole explants phase phytohormones plant cell plant cell cultures Plant Physiol plant species Plant Tissue Culture plantlets production propagation protein protoplasts secondary metabolites shoot somatic embryogenesis somatic embryos stage sterile sucrose supplement synthesis T-DNA Table Taxol tion tobacco transfer transformation vitro weeks of culture