Surveying is the process of determining
the relative position of natural and manmade features on or under the earth’s
surface, the presentation of this information either graphically in the form of
plans or numerically in the form of tables, and the setting out of measurements
on the earth’s surface. Topics covered includes: Survey Control, Introduction to
Levelling, Level Traversing - Rise and Fall Method, 5 Level Traversing - Height
of Collimation Method, Adjustment of the Automatic Level, Misclosure and
Adjustment of Level Traverses, Level Set-Out, Errors in Levelling, Traditional
Distance Measurement, Electronic Distance Measurement, The Theodolite, Control
Traverse, Detail Surveys, Level Sections, Pegging and Levelling a Section of
Road, Road Construction, Areas of Regular and Irregular Figures, Cross-Section
Areas, Volumes, Setting Out Distances, Set-Out Surveys, Setting Out Batter
Stakes.
This note covers
Measuring horizontal distances, Vertical measurements, Construction staking,
Slopes and grades, Field exercises, examples and solutions.
This
note covers the following topics: Introduction to surveying and Mapping,
Measurements and Errors, Measurement of Horizontal distance, Measurement of
Vertical Distance, Representation of Vertical Distance, Measurement of Relative
Direction of Line, Measurement of Horizontal and Vertical Distance
Simultaneously, Measurement of Absolute Direction, Control Survey, Location of
Details and Route Survey.
Surveying is the process of determining
the relative position of natural and manmade features on or under the earth’s
surface, the presentation of this information either graphically in the form of
plans or numerically in the form of tables, and the setting out of measurements
on the earth’s surface. Topics covered includes: Survey Control, Introduction to
Levelling, Level Traversing - Rise and Fall Method, 5 Level Traversing - Height
of Collimation Method, Adjustment of the Automatic Level, Misclosure and
Adjustment of Level Traverses, Level Set-Out, Errors in Levelling, Traditional
Distance Measurement, Electronic Distance Measurement, The Theodolite, Control
Traverse, Detail Surveys, Level Sections, Pegging and Levelling a Section of
Road, Road Construction, Areas of Regular and Irregular Figures, Cross-Section
Areas, Volumes, Setting Out Distances, Set-Out Surveys, Setting Out Batter
Stakes.
Objective of this
note is to teach the basics and elements of different types of curves on roads
and their Preliminary survey and to learn about surveying applications in
setting out of curves, buildings, culverts and tunnels.