Medical Microbiology begins with a review of the immune system, focusing on the body's response to invading microorganisms. Bacteria are then covered, first with a series of chapters presenting the general concepts of bacterial microbiology and then with chapters detailing the major bacterial pathogenes of humans. Similar sections cover virology, mycology, and parasitology. In each section, the introductory chapters stress the mechanisms of infection characteristic of that type of microorganism, thus providing the reader with a framework for understanding rather than memorizing the clinical behavior of the pathogens. The final section of the book Introduction to Infectious Diseases, is arranged by organ system and provides transition for clinical considerations.

Contents

• Co-Editors
• Authors
• Preface
• Chapter 1. Immunology Overview
  Armond S. Goldman and Bellur S. Prabhakar.
  • General Concepts
  • Evolution of the Immune System
  • Organization/Components/Functions
  • Molecular Communications in the Immune System
  • Cells of the Immune System
  • Immunoglobulin Supergene Family
  • Recognition of Self and Immune Tolerance
  • The Complement System
  • Defense against Infections
  • Diseases Due to Immune Responses to Infectious Agents
  • Ontogeny of Immunity
  • Maternal Immunologic Agents Transferred to the Recipient Infant
  • Immune Deficiencies
  • References
• Section 1. Bacteriology
  • Introduction to Bacteriology
  • Chapter 2. Structure
    Milton R.J. Salton and Kwang-Shin Kim.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • The Nucleoid
    • Surface Appendages
    • Surface Layers
    • Intracellular Components
    • References
  • Chapter 3. Classification
    Ellen Jo Baron.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Definitions
    • Approaches to Taxonomy
    • Phenotypic Characteristics Useful in Classification and Identification
    • Classification Below and Above the Species Level
    • Designation of New Species and Nomenclatural Changes
    • Assessing Newly Described Bacteria
    • Role of the Clinical Laboratory
    • Interfacing with Public Health Laboratories
    • Hazards of Clinical Laboratory Work
    • References
  • Chapter 4. Bacterial Metabolism
    Peter Jurtshuk, Jr.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Heterotrophic Metabolism
    • Respiration
    • Fermentation
    • Krebs Cycle
    • Glyoxylate Cycle
    • Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
    • Mitchell or Proton Extrusion Hypothesis
    • Bacterial Photosynthesis
    • Autotrophy
    • Anerobic Respiration
    • The Nitrogen Cycle
    • References
  • Chapter 5. Genetics
    Randall K. Holmes and Michael G. Jobling.
    • General Concepts
    • Genetic Information in Microbes
    • Genome Organization
    • Mutation and Selection
    • Exchange of Genetic Information
    • Recombination DNA and Gene Cloning
    • Regulation of Gene Expression
    • References
  • Chapter 6. Normal Flora
    Charles Patrick Davis.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Significance of the Normal Flora
    • Normal Flora of Skin
    • Oral and Upper Respiratory Tract Flora
    • Gastrointestinal Tract Flora
    • Urogenital Flora
    • Conjunctival Flora
    • Host Infection by Elements of the Normal Flora
    • References
  • Chapter 7. Bacterial Pathogenesis
    Johnny W. Peterson.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Host Susceptibility
    • Pathogenic Mechanisms
    • Specific Virulence Factors
    • Biologic Activity of Endotoxin
    • Detection of Endotoxin in Medical Solutions
    • Epilogue
    • References
  • Chapter 8. Specific Acquired Immunity
    John B. Robbins, Rachel Schneerson, and Shousun C. Szu.
    • General Concepts
    • Basis of Acquired Resistance
    • Primary vs Opportunistic Pathogens
    • Protective Antigens
    • Immune Mechanisms
    • Preventive Immunity
    • References
  • Chapter 9. Epidemiology
    Philip S. Brachman.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Chain of Infection
    • Epidemiologic Methods
    • Epidemic Investigation
    • References
  • Chapter 10. Principles of Diagnosis
    John A. Washington.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Manifestations of Infection
    • Microbial Causes of Infection
    • Specimen Selection, Collection and Processing
    • Microbiologic Examination
    • References
  • Chapter 11. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
    Harold C. Neu and Thomas D. Gootz.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Biochemical Basis of Antimicrobial Action
    • Inhibition of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis
    • Antibiotics that Affect the Function of Cytoplasmic Membranes
    • Antibiotics that Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis
    • Antimicrobial Inhibitors of Ribosome Function
    • Drugs that Inhibit Other Biochemical Targets
    • Antibacterial Agents that Affect Mycobacteria
    • Bacterial Resistance
    • Combinations of Antimicrobial Agents
    • Toxicology of Antimicrobial Agents
    • Mechanism to Reduce Bacterial Resistance
    • References
  • Chapter 12. Staphylococcus
    Timothy Foster.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Taxonomy
    • Identification of Staphylococci in the Clinical laboratory
    • Epidemiology of Staphylococcus Aureus Infections
    • Clinical Manifestations of S Aureus
    • Pathogenesis of S Aureus Infections
    • Adherence
    • Avoidance of Host Defenses
    • Damage to the Host
    • Other Extracellular Proteins
    • Enzymes
    • Coagulase Negative Staphylococci
    • Resistance of Staphylococci to Antimicrobial Drugs
    • Future Prospects
    • References
  • Chapter 13. Streptococcus
    Maria Jevitz Patterson.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Classification, Antigenic Types and Extracellular Growth Products
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 14. Neisseria, Moraxella, Kingella and Eikenella
    Stephen A. Morse.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Nesseria gonorrhoeae
    • Neisseria meningitidis
    • Moraxella
    • Kingella
    • Eikenella
    • References
  • Chapter 15. Bacillus
    Peter C. B. Turnbull.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestions
    • Structure and Classification
    • Pathogenisis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 16. Miscellaneous Pathogenic Bacteria
    Herbert Hof.
    • GENERAL CONCEPTS
    • Introduction
    • Listeria Monocytogenes
    • Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae
    • Propionibacterium Acnes
    • Streptobacillus Moniliformis
    • Calymmatobacterium Granulomatis
    • References
  • Chapter 17. Anaerobes: General Characteristics
    David J. Hentges.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Oxygen Toxicity
    • Pathogenic Anaerobes
    • Processing of Clinical Specimens
    • References
  • Chapter 18. Clostridia: Sporeforming Anaerobic Bacilli
    Carol L. Wells and Tracy D. Wilkins.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Gas Gangrene and Related Clostridial Wound Infections
    • Tetanus and Clostribium Tetani
    • Botulism and Clostridium Botulinum
    • Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea, Pseudomembranous Colitis, and Clostridium Difficile
    • Other Pathogenic Clostridia Food Poisoning and Clostridium perfringens
    • References
  • Chapter 19. Anaerobic Cocci
    Carol L. Wells and Tracy D. Wilkins.
    • General Concepts
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure, Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 20. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli
    Sydney M. Finegold.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure, Classification, and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 21. Salmonella
    Ralph A. Giannella.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure, Classification, and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 22. Shigella
    Thomas L. Hale and Gerald T. Keusch.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Presentation
    • Structure, Classification, and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defense
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Treatment
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 23. Campylobacter and Helicobacter
    Guillermo I. Perez-Perez and Martin J. Blaser.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Campylobacter Jejuni and other Enteric Campylobacters
    • Helicobacter Pylori and other Gastric Helicobacter-Like Organisms
    • Other Pathogenic Helicobacter Species
    • References
  • Chapter 24. Cholera, Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, and Other Pathogenic Vibrios
    Richard A. Finkelstein.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Vibrio Cholerae
    • Other Vibrio Infections
    • References
  • Chapter 25. Escherichia Coli in Diarrheal Disease
    Doyle J. Evans, Jr. and Dolores G. Evans.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Noninflammatory Diarrheas Caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli
    • Inflammatory Diarrheas Caused by Enteroinvasive, Cytotoxic, and Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli
    • References
  • Chapter 26. Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, and Proteus
    M. Neal Guentzel.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Distinctive Properties
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 27. Pseudomonas
    Barbara H. Iglewski.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure, Classification, and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 28. Brucella
    G.G. Alton and J.R.L. Forsyth.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 29. Pasteurella, Yersinia, and Francisella
    Frank M. Collins.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Pasteurella
    • Yersinia
    • Francisella
    • References
  • Chapter 30. Haemophilus Species
    Daniel M. Musher.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure, Classification, and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 31. Bordetella
    Horst Finger and Carl Heinz Wirsing von Koenig.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 32. Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
    John R. Murphy.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure, Classification, and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • Other Corynebacterium Species
    • Redesigning of Diphtheria Toxin for the Development of Eukaryotic Cell-Receptor Specific Cytotoxins
    • References
  • Chapter 33. Mycobacteria and Nocardia
    David N. McMurray.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
    • Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
    • Mycobacterium leprae
    • Nocardia
    • References
  • Chapter 34. Actinomyces, Propionibacterium propionicus, and Streptomyces
    Geroge H.W. Bowden.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Actinomycosis
    • Streptomyces
    • References
  • Chapter 35. Leptospira
    Russell C. Johnson.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Leptospira
    • Borrelia
    • Spirillum
    • References
  • Chapter 36. Treponema
    Justin D. Radolf.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure and Biology
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • Other Treponematoses
    • References
  • Chapter 37. Mycoplasmas
    Shmuel Razin.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Presentation
    • Structure, Classification, and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 38. Rickettsiae
    David H. Walker.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Rickettsiae of the Spotted Fever and Typhus Groups
    • Orientia (Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi and Scrub Typhus
    • Ehrlichia
    • Coxiella burnetii and Q Fever
    • Bartonella
    • References
  • Chapter 39. Chlamydia
    Yechiel Becker.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification, and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 40. Legionella
    Washington C. Winn, Jr.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
• Section 2. Virology
  • Introduction to Virology
  • Chapter 41. Structure and Classification of Viruses
    Hans R. Gelderblom.
    • General Concepts
    • Structure and Function
    • Classification of Viruses
    • Virus Classification
    • References
  • Chapter 42. Multiplication
    Bernard Roizman.
    • General Concepts
    • Initiation of Infection
    • The Strategies of Viral Multiplication
    • Single-stranded RNA viruses
    • Double-stranded RNA viruses
    • DNA virus genomes
    • Viruses differ with respect to their assembly, maturation and egress from infected cells
    • Variability in Viral Genomes and Viral Multiplication
    • References
  • Chapter 43. Viral Genetics
    W. Robert Fleischmann, Jr.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Genetic Change in Viruses
    • Mutations
    • Recombination
    • References
  • Chapter 44. Effects on Cells
    Thomas Albrecht, Michael Fons, Istvan Boldogh, and Alan S. Rabson.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Cytocidal Infections
    • Persistent Infections
    • Transforming Infections
    • References
  • Chapter 45. Viral Pathogenesis
    Samuel Baron, Michael Fons, and Thomas Albrecht.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Cellular Pathogenesis
    • Tissue Tropism
    • Sequence of Virus Spread in the Host
    • Dissemination from the Portal of Entry
    • Incubation Period
    • Multiplication in Target Organs
    • Shedding of Virus
    • Congenital Infections
    • References
  • Chapter 46. Persistent Viral Infections
    Istvan Boldogh, Thomas Albrecht, and David D. Porter.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Classification
    • Models of Virus Persistence in Vitro
    • Pathogenesis of Persistent Virus Infections
    • Reactivation of Persistent Viruses
    • Persistent Infections by Organ System
    • Control of Persistent Infections
    • References
  • Chapter 47. Tumor Viruses
    Joan C. M. Macnab and David Onions.
    • General Concepts
    • Causation of Tumors
    • Human Oncogenic RNA Viruses (Retroviruses)
    • Oncogenic DNA Viruses
    • Vaccines in the Prevention of Virus-Associated Cancers
    • References
  • Chapter 48. Epidemiology and Evolution
    Frank Fenner.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Portals of Entry and Exit
    • Viral Zoonoses
    • Epidemiologic Features of Viral Infections
    • Evolution of Viruses
    • References
  • Chapter 49. Nonspecific Defenses
    Ferdinando Dianzani and Samuel Baron.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Defense Mechanisms that Precede Infection
    • Defense Mechanisms Evoked by Infection
    • Viral Interference and Interferon
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • Chapter 50. Immune Defenses
    Gary R. Klimpel.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Viral Activation of Immunity
    • Virus-Induced Immunopathology
    • Roles of Immune functions During Viral Infections
    • References
  • Chapter 51. Control of Viral Infections and Diseases
    Karen L. Goldenthal, Karen Midthun, and Kathryn C. Zoon.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Immunoprophylaxis
    • Sanitation and Vector Control
    • Antiviral Chemotherapy
    • Interferons: Cytokines With Antiviral Activity
    • Identifying New Effective Therapeutics
    • References
  • Chapter 52. Chemotherapy of Viral Infections
    Erik De Clercq.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Basic Mechanisms
    • Approved Antiviral Drugs
    • Future Antiviral Drugs
    • Main Targets for Antiviral Drugs
    • Limitations of Antiviral Drugs
    • References
  • Chapter 53. Picornaviruses
    Marguerite Yin-Murphy and Jeffrey W. Almond.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure and Replication
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • Enteroviruses
    • References
  • Chapter 54. Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) and Flaviviruses (Flaviviridae)
    Alan L. Schmaljohn and David McClain.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Alphaviruses
    • Flaviviruses
    • References
  • Chapter 55. Togaviruses: Rubella Virus
    Paul D. Parkman.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 56. Bunyaviruses
    Robert E. Shope.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Multiplication
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 57. Arenaviruses
    Charles J. Pfau.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Multiplication
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 58. Orthomyxoviruses
    Robert B. Couch.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestation
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Multiplication
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 59. Paramyxoviruses
    Gisela Enders.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Parainfluenza Viruses
    • Respiratory Syncytial Virus
    • Mumps Virus
    • Measles Virus
    • References
  • Chapter 60. Coronaviruses
    David A.J. Tyrrell and Steven H. Myint.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Multiplication
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 61. Rhabdoviruses: Rabies Virus
    Charles E. Rupprecht.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Multiplication
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 62. Human Retroviruses
    Miles W. Cloyd.
    • General Concepts
    • Types of Endogenous and Exogenous Retroviruses
    • Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses
    • Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    • References
  • Chapter 63. Rotaviruses, Reoviruses, Coltiviruses, and Orbiviruses
    Albert Z. Kapikian and Robert E. Shope.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Rotaviruses
    • Reoviruses
    • Coltiviruses and Orbiviruses
    • References
  • Chapter 64. Parvoviruses
    John R. Pattison and Gary Patou.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Multiplication
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 65. Norwalk Virus and Other Caliciviruses
    Neil R. Blacklow.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Multiplication
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 66. Papovaviruses
    Janet S. Butel.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Virus Multiplication and Cell Transformation
    • Polyomaviruses
    • Papillomaviruses
    • References
  • Chapter 67. Adenoviruses
    Walter Doerfler.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Multiplication
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • Vector in Human Somatic Gene Therapy
    • References
  • Chapter 68. Herpesviruses
    Richard J. Whitley.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • General Biologic Properties
    • Structure
    • Classification
    • Replication and Latency
    • Diagnosis
    • Herpes Simplex Viruses
    • Varicella-Zoster Virus
    • Cytomegalovirus
    • Epstein-Barr Virus
    • Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7
    • Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus
    • B-Virus
    • Control of Herpesvirus Infection
    • References
  • Chapter 69. Poxviruses
    Derrick Baxby.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Multiplication
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 70. Hepatitis Viruses
    Arie J. Zuckerman.
    • General Concepts
    • Hepatitis A
    • Hepatitis E
    • Hepatitis B
    • Hepatitis D
    • Hepatitis C
    • The GB Hepatitis Viruses
    • References
  • Chapter 71. Subacute Spongiform Unconventional Virus Encephalopathies
    Clarence J. Gibbs and David M. Asher.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Unconventional Viruses
    • Scrapie
    • Kuru
    • Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
    • Concluding Comments
    • References
  • Chapter 72. Filoviruses
    Heinz Feldmann and Hans-Dieter Klenk.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestation
    • Classification
    • Virus Structure
    • Virus Replication
    • Epidemiology
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Diagnosis
    • Patient Management, Therapy, and Control
    • References
• Section 3. Mycology
  • Introduction to Mycology
  • General Concepts of Mycology
    Michael R. McGinnis and Stephen K. Tyring.
    • General Concepts
    • Clinical Presentation
    • Structure
    • Classification
    • Multiplication
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
  • Introduction to Mycology
    Michael R. McGinnis and Stephen K. Tyring.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Physiology
    • Structure
    • Morphology
    • Propagules (Spores and Conidia)
    • Classification
    • References
  • Chapter 73. Basic Biology of Fungi
    Garry T. Cole.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Cell Walls
    • Filamentous Fungi and Filamentous Bacteria
    • Hyphal and Yeast Morphogenesis
    • Reproduction
    • References
  • Chapter 74. Disease Mechanisms of Fungi
    George S. Kobayashi.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Entry
    • Adaptation and Propagation
    • Dissemination
    • Host Factors
    • Fungal Factors
    • References
  • Chapter 75. Spectrum of Mycoses
    Thomas J. Walsh and Dennis M. Dixon.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Superficial and Cutaneous Mycoses
    • Subcutaneous Mycoses
    • Deep Mycoses
    • References
  • Chapter 76. Antifungal Agents
    Dennis M. Dixon and Thomas J. Walsh.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Polyene Antifungal Drugs
    • Azole Antifungal Drugs
    • 5-Fluorocytosine
    • Other Antifungal Agents
    • Selection of Antifungal Agents
    • References
• Section 4. Parasitology
  • Introduction to Parasitology
  • Chapter 77. Protozoa: Structure, Classification, Growth, and Development
    Robert G. Yaeger.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Structure
    • Classification
    • Life Cycle Stages
    • Reproduction
    • Nutrition
    • References
  • Chapter 78. Protozoa: Pathogenesis and Defenses
    John Richard Seed.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Pathology
    • Immune Escape
    • References
  • Chapter 79. Intestinal Protozoa: Amebas
    William A. Sodeman, Jr.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Entamoeba Histolytica
    • References
  • Chapter 80. Other Intestinal Protozoa and Trichomonas Vaginalis
    Ernest A. Meyer.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Giardia Lamblia
    • Trichomonas Vaginalis
    • Other Trichomonads
    • Cryptosporidium
    • References
  • Chapter 81. Free-Living Amebas: Naegleria, Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia
    Augusto Julio Martinez.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Naegleria Fowleri
    • Acanthamoeba/B Mandrillaris (Family Leptomyxidae)
    • References
  • Chapter 82. Hemoflagellates
    Rodrigo A. Zeledón.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
    • African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
    • Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
    • Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar)
    • References
  • Chapter 83. Malaria
    James M. Crutcher and Stephen L. Hoffman.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Classification
    • Structure and Life Cycle
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 84. Toxoplasma Gondii
    J. P. Dubey.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure, Multiplication, and Life Cycle
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 85. Pneumocystis Carinii
    Walter T. Hughes.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure
    • Classification and Antigenic Types
    • Multiplication
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 86. Helminths: Structure, Classification, Growth, and Development
    Gilbert A. Castro.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Flukes (Trematodes)
    • Tapeworms (Cestodes)
    • Roundworms (Nematodes)
    • References
  • Chapter 87. Helminths: Pathogenesis and Defenses
    Derek Wakelin.
    • GENERAL CONCEPTS
    • Introduction
    • Infection
    • Pathogenesis
    • Defenses Against Infection
    • References
  • Chapter 88. Schistosomes and Other Trematodes
    Barbara L. Doughty.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Structure and Life Cycle
    • Pathogenesis
    • Host Defenses
    • Epidemiology
    • Diagnosis
    • Control
    • References
  • Chapter 89. Cestodes
    Donald Heyneman.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Taenia saginata, The Beef Tapeworm
    • Taenia solium, The Pork Tapeworm
    • Taenia multiceps, The Coenurus Tapeworm
    • Echinococcus granulosus, The Hydatid Tapeworm
    • Echinococcus multilocularis, The Multiloculate or Alveolar Hydatid Tapeworm
    • Hymenolepis nana, The Dwarf Tapeworm
    • Hymenolepis diminuta, The Rat Tapeworm
    • Dipylidium caninum, The Double-Pored Tapeworm
    • Diphyllobothrium latum, The Broad Fish Tapeworm
    • References
  • Chapter 90. Enteric Nematodes of Humans
    John H. Cross.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Ascaris Lumbricoides
    • Hookworms
    • Strongyloides Stercoralis
    • Trichuris Trichura
    • Enterobius Vermicularis
    • References
  • Chapter 91. Enteric Nematodes of Lower Animals Transmitted to Humans: Zoonoses
    Doris S. Kelsey.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Visceral and Ocular Larva Migrans
    • Cutaneous Larva Migrans
    • Trichinosis
    • References
  • Chapter 92. Filarial Nematodes
    John H. Cross.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Lymphatic Filariae Wuchereria Bancrofti and Brugia Malayi
    • Onchocerca Volvulus
    • Minor Filarial Infections
    • Dirofilaria Species
    • Dracunculus Medinensis
    • References
• Section 5. Introduction to Infectious Diseases
  • Introduction to Infectious Diseases
  • Chapter 93. Infections of the Respiratory System
    Purushothama V. Dasaraju and Chien Liu.
    • General Concepts
    • Upper Respiratory Infections
    • Lower Respiratory Infections
    • References
  • Chapter 94. Microbiology of the Circulatory System
    Lawrence L. Pelletier, Jr.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Clinical Syndromes
    • Blood Cultures
    • References
  • Chapter 95. Microbiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
    Sherwood L. Gorbach.
    • General Concepts
    • Composition and Distribution of the Microflora
    • Metabolic Activites of the Microflora
    • The Intestinal Microflora and Infection
    • Bacterial Diarrheas
    • Viral Diarrheas
    • Parasitic Diarrheas
    • Clinical Diagnosis of Diarrheal Disease
    • References
  • Chapter 96. Microbiology of the Nervous System
    Richard T. Johnson.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Gross Anatomy
    • Blood-Brain Barrier
    • Immune System
    • Cellular Structure
    • Meningitis
    • Infection of the Brain Parenchyma
    • Encephalitis
    • Slow and Chronic Infection and Chronic Neurologic Disease
    • References
  • Chapter 97. Microbiology of the Genitourinary System
    Allan Ross Ronald and Michelle J. Alfa.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Urethritis and Epididymitis
    • Vaginitis, Cervicitis, Endometritis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
    • Genital Ulcer Disease
    • Urinary Tract Infections
    • References
  • Chapter 98. Microbial Infections of Skin and Nails
    Raza Aly.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Skin Infections
    • Methods for Laboratory Diagnosis
    • Bacterial Skin Infections
    • Treatment of the Pyodermas
    • Viral Skin Diseases
    • Fungal Skin Diseases
    • Nail
    • References
  • Chapter 99. Microbiology of Dental Decay and Periodontal Disease
    Walter J. Loesche.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Dental Caries (Decay)
    • Periodontal Disease
    • References
  • Chapter 100. Bone, Joint, and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
    Jon T. Mader and Jason Calhoun.
    • General Concepts
    • Introduction
    • Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
    • Joint Infections
    • Bone Infections
    • References

Accurate indications, adverse reactions, and dosage schedules for drugs are provided in this book, but it is possible that they may change. The reader is urged to review the package information data of the manufacturers of the medications mentioned.