Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases.

The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Contents

• Disease Control Priorities · Third Edition
• Disease Control Priorities
• Foreword
• Abbreviations
• 1. Major Infectious Diseases: Key Messages from Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition
  King K Holmes, Stefano Bertozzi, Barry R Bloom, Prabhat Jha, Hellen Gelband, Lisa M DeMaria, and Susan Horton.
  • Introduction
  • Approaches to Infectious Disease Control in the Twenty-First Century
  • Major Infectious Diseases in this Volume
  • Antimicrobial Resistance
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Adult Infectious Disease
  • Conclusions
  • Annexes
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • References
• 2. Global Mortality and Morbidity of HIV/AIDS
  Kristen Danforth, Reuben Granich, Danielle Wiedeman, Sanjiv Baxi, and Nancy Padian.
  • Introduction
  • Distribution of Key Epidemic Measures: Mortality, Incidence, Prevalence, and Dalys
  • Reaching the 90-90-90 Targets
  • Regional Microepidemics and Key Populations
  • Measurement: Challenges in Surveillance
  • Measurement: Challenges in Assessing the 90-90-90 Targets
  • Conclusions
  • Note
  • References
• 3. HIV/AIDS Comorbidities: Impact on Cancer, Noncommunicable Diseases, and Reproductive Health
  Corey Casper, Heidi Crane, Manoj Menon, and Deborah Money.
  • Introduction
  • HIV and Cancer
  • Impact of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections on Female Reproductive Health
  • Impact of Noncommunicable Chronic Comorbidities in People With HIV
  • Conclusions
  • Note
  • References
• 4. HIV Care Continuum in Adults and Children: Cost-Effectiveness Considerations
  Katherine Harripersaud, Margaret McNairy, Saeed Ahmed, Elaine J Abrams, Harsha Thirumurthy, and Wafaa M El-Sadr.
  • Introduction
  • HIV Testing Services
  • Linking to and Engagement with HIV Care
  • Retention in HIV Care
  • Adherence to HIV Treatment
  • Conclusions
  • Annex
  • Acknowledgments
  • Note
  • References
• 5. Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment as Prevention for HIV
  Charles B Holmes, Timothy B Hallett, Rochelle P Walensky, Till Bärnighausen, Yogan Pillay, and Myron S Cohen.
  • Introduction
  • The Biology of Transmission
  • Evidence of the Effectiveness of Treatment as Prevention
  • Evaluating Cost-Effectiveness
  • National and Global Guidance, Policies, and Resource Allocation
  • Ongoing Research
  • Conclusions
  • Annexes
  • Notes
  • References
• 6. Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Syphilis
  Grace John-Stewart, Rosanna W Peeling, Carol Levin, Patricia J Garcia, David Mabey, and John Kinuthia.
  • Introduction
  • Global Burden and Consequences of MTCT of HIV and Syphilis
  • Effectiveness and Coverage of PMTCT Interventions
  • Cost-Effectiveness of PMTCT of HIV and Syphilis
  • Lessons from Case Studies
  • Conclusions
  • Notes
  • References
• 7. Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent HIV Acquisition
  Geoff P Garnett, Shari Krishnaratne, Kate L Harris, Timothy B Hallett, Michael Santos, Joanne E Enstone, Bernadette Hensen, Gina Dallabetta, Paul Revill, Simon A J Gregson, and James R Hargreaves.
  • Introduction
  • History of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic and Prevention Initiatives
  • Challenges in Reviewing the Efficacy and Effectiveness of HIV Prevention
  • HIV Prevention Cascades
  • Systematic Reviews of HIV Prevention
  • Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Duration of Protection
  • Evidence of Efficacy of Direct Mechanisms of HIV/AIDS Prevention
  • Sexually Transmitted Infection Treatment as HIV Prevention
  • Measuring the HIV Prevention Cascade to Explore Impact
  • Costs of HIV Prevention
  • Targeting HIV Prevention
  • Conclusions
  • Note
  • References
• 8. Tailoring the Local HIV/AIDS Response to Local HIV/AIDS Epidemics
  David Wilson and Jessica Taaffe.
  • Introduction
  • Know Your Epidemic: Transmission Dynamics
  • Tailor the HIV/AIDS Response
  • Optimize Allocative Efficiency for Cost-Effective Programming: The Right Mix
  • Conclusions
  • Notes
  • References
• 9. Improving the Efficiency of the HIV/AIDS Policy Response: A Guide to Resource Allocation Modeling
  James G Kahn, Lori A Bollinger, John Stover, and Elliot Marseille.
  • Introduction
  • General Overview of the Role of Models
  • Comparison of HIV/AIDS Resource Allocation Models
  • What Works Reviews
  • Field Experience with Models Influencing Policy Decisions
  • Role for Multiple Models Versus Convergence
  • Frontiers of Modeling: Where Is Added Value Possible?
  • Controversies in Modeling
  • Conclusions
  • Annexes
  • Notes
  • References
• 10. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Prevention
  Harrell W Chesson, Philippe Mayaud, and Sevgi O Aral.
  • Introduction
  • Health and Economic Burden of STIs
  • Changes in Sexual Behaviors and Practices, Epidemiology, and Prevention
  • Effectiveness of STI Prevention Interventions: Literature Review
  • Cost-Effectiveness of STI Prevention Interventions: Literature Review
  • Key Issues Regarding Impact and Cost-Effectiveness
  • Conclusions
  • Annexes
  • Notes
  • References
• 11. Tuberculosis
  Barry R Bloom, Rifat Atun, Ted Cohen, Christopher Dye, Hamish Fraser, Gabriela B Gomez, Gwen Knight, Megan Murray, Edward Nardell, Eric Rubin, Joshua Salomon, Anna Vassall, Grigory Volchenkov, Richard White, Douglas Wilson, and Prashant Yadav.
  • Overview
  • Historical Trends, Current Burden, and Global Response
  • Infection and Disease in Individuals and Populations
  • TB Diagnosis and Screening
  • TB Treatment
  • TB Prevention
  • Turning the Tide Against TB
  • Research and Development
  • Financing for TB Programs
  • Economic Analyses and Cost-Effectiveness
  • Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Universal Public Financing of TB Treatment
  • Summary and Recommendations
  • Notes
  • References
• 12. Malaria Elimination and Eradication
  Rima Shretta, Jenny Liu, Chris Cotter, Justin Cohen, Charlotte Dolenz, Kudzai Makomva, Gretchen Newby, Didier Ménard, Allison Phillips, Allison Tatarsky, Roly Gosling, and Richard Feachem.
  • Introduction
  • What Are Elimination and Eradication?
  • Progress Toward Malaria Elimination
  • Challenges and Threats to Success
  • Malaria Elimination Interventions and Strategies
  • Economics and Financing of Malaria Elimination
  • Prospects for Malaria Eradication
  • Conclusions
  • Annexes
  • Notes
  • References
• 13. Malaria Control
  Fabrizio Tediosi, Christian Lengeler, Marcia Castro, Rima Shretta, Carol Levin, Tim Wells, and Marcel Tanner.
  • Introduction
  • Malaria Control Interventions: Effectiveness, Costs, and Cost-Effectiveness
  • Systemic Approaches to Malaria Control and Elimination
  • New Tools and Technologies for Malaria Control
  • Conclusions
  • Annexes
  • Notes
  • References
• 14. Febrile Illness in Adolescents and Adults
  John A Crump, Paul N Newton, Sarah J Baird, and Yoel Lubell.
  • Introduction
  • Burden of Disease from Nonmalarial Febrile Illness
  • Nonmalarial Fever in Adolescents and Adults
  • Costs of Febrile Illness and Cost-Effectiveness of Diagnostics and Treatments
  • Future Research Needs
  • Conclusions
  • Annexes
  • Notes
  • References
• 15. Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Febrile Illness in Children
  Joseph B Babigumira, Hellen Gelband, and Louis P Garrison, Jr.
  • Introduction
  • Methodology
  • Results
  • Conclusions
  • Note
  • References
• 16. Viral Hepatitis
  Stefan Z Wiktor.
  • Introduction
  • Incidence, Prevalence, and Distribution
  • Natural History and Mortality from Viral Hepatitis
  • Transmission of Hepatitis Viruses
  • Interventions
  • Costs, Cost-Effectiveness, and Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analyses Results
  • Conclusions
  • Note
  • References
• 17. An Investment Case for Ending Neglected Tropical Diseases
  Christopher Fitzpatrick, Uzoma Nwankwo, Edeltraud Lenk, Sake J de Vlas, and Donald A P Bundy.
  • Introduction
  • Burden of NTDs
  • Proof of Concept for Ending NTDs
  • Interventions to End NTDs
  • Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to End NTDs
  • Fairness of Interventions to End NTDs
  • Targets for the Scale-Up of Interventions to End NTDs
  • Return on Investments to End NTDs
  • Place of NTDS in the Grand Convergence
  • Conclusions
  • Note
  • References
• 18. Drug-Resistant Infections
  Molly Miller-Petrie, Suraj Pant, and Ramanan Laxminarayan.
  • Antibiotic Resistance
  • Drivers of Antibiotic Use and Resistance
  • National Policies to Conserve Antibiotic Effectiveness
  • Cost-Effective Interventions
  • Conclusions
  • Notes
  • References
• DCP3 Series Acknowledgments
• Volume and Series Editors
  • Volume Editors
  • Series Editors
• Contributors
• Advisory Committee to the Editors
• Reviewers
• Environmental Benefits Statement

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DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0524-0

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