Networking Guide

Table of Contents

• About this book
  • How this book is organized
  • Related documentation
  • Typographical conventions
  • How can we improve this book?
• Chapter 1: Networking overview
  • Introduction to networking
    • Remote and distributed administration
    • About clients and servers
    • Network hardware drivers
    • Types of networking maintenance tasks
  • SCO networking services
    • SCO networking architecture
    • Networking components
  • Networking protocol stacks
    • TCP/IP
      • TCP/IP Protocols
        • The Internet Protocol (IP)
        • The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
        • The User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
      • Other TCP/IP protocols
      • Network servers and databases
      • TCP/IP end-user commands
      • Configuring TCP/IP
      • Administering TCP/IP
    • IPX/SPX
      • Configuring IPX/SPX
      • Administering IPX/SPX
    • Other SCO-compatible stacks
    • Serial line communications
    • UUCP and cu
  • The distributed computing environment
    • Administering other systems with SCOadmin managers
      • Remote capabilities
        • Enabling remote manager capabilities
      • Distributed capabilities
    • Distributed user applications
    • Distributed filesystems
    • Remote installation and software administration
    • Distributed electronic mail
    • Distributed name services
    • Distributed management framework
    • Distributed printing
    • Distributed time services
    • Distributed user management
  • Connecting to other operating systems
    • Accessing DOS and OS/2 servers with LAN Manager Client
    • Accessing NetWare servers with SCO Gateway for NetWare
    • Serving DOS computers with PC-Interface
    • Serving NetWare computers with IPX/SPX
  • The Internet
    • The World Wide Web
    • Intranets
• Chapter 2: Using the network
  • Access privileges
  • Finding out networking names
  • Logging in to a remote machine
  • Transferring files
  • Running commands remotely
  • Accessing shared files
• Chapter 3: Administering TCP/IP
  • Configuring TCP/IP client services
    • The Client Manager interface
    • Configuring a DNS client
    • Configuring the /etc/hosts file
    • Configuring a default route
    • Configuring name service resolution order
    • Configuring an NTP client
    • Deleting a client service
    • Using network tools
  • Setting interface parameters
  • Creating subnets
  • Establishing user equivalence
    • The User Equivalence Manager interface
      • Opening another user's equivalence file
      • Adding user equivalence
      • Selecting another host while adding equivalence
      • Deleting user equivalence
    • Using the Secure TCP (``Kerberized'') utilities
    • Protecting against IP address spoofing attacks
    • Protecting against SYN flood attacks
  • Setting up anonymous ftp
  • Adding or removing pseudo-ttys
  • Configuring UUCP over TCP/IP
    • Configuring UUCP over TCP/IP with the TCP socket interface
    • Configuring UUCP over TCP/IP with TLI
  • Obtaining RFCs from the Internet
  • Troubleshooting TCP/IP
    • Verifying the presence of TCP/IP interfaces
    • Verifying local network connectivity
    • Verifying remote network connectivity
    • Troubleshooting problems with netstat
      • Flushing phantom connections
      • Troubleshooting packet errors
      • Monitoring streams usage
      • Verifying correct routing behavior
    • Logging troubleshooting information
• Chapter 4: Administering SCO IPX/SPX
  • How IPX/SPX works
    • Protocols
      • How protocols work
      • Medium-access protocols
      • Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)
      • Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX)
      • Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
      • Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)
    • Packet delivery
      • Network interconnection devices
      • Intrasegment packet routing
      • Intersegment packet routing
      • Routing information administration
      • Routing information broadcasts
    • Service advertising
      • Server information table
      • Novell object types
      • Server information administration
      • File server addressing
    • Client-server interaction
    • Configuration files
  • Managing IPX/SPX
    • Accessing the SCO IPX/SPX graphical utilities
    • Monitoring current NVT connections (dnvt)
    • Displaying the routing information table (drouter)
    • Displaying IPX/SPX and network media interface information (getlan)
    • Starting and stopping IPX/SPX (ipx)
    • Logging into NVT servers (nlogin)
    • Testing IPX/SPX connections (nping)
    • Displaying available NetWare services (showsvcs)
    • Service advertising broadcast operation (track)
    • Displaying the server information table (track)
  • Troubleshooting IPX/SPX
  • Installing and using the DOS component
    • Copying NVT
    • Configuring IPXODI
    • Configuring NVT
    • Configuring terminal emulation software
    • Command-line options for NVT
    • Using the DOS component
  • For more about IPX/SPX
• Chapter 5: Configuring Internet Protocol (IP) routing
  • How routing works
    • Direct versus indirect routing
    • Routing table description
      • Direct routing example
      • Indirect routing example
      • Routing table updates
    • Routing daemons
      • irdd description
      • routed description
      • gated description
    • Default routes
    • Autonomous systems -- exterior vs. interior routers
    • Routing protocols
      • Internet Router Discovery (IRD) protocol
      • Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
      • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol
      • Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
      • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
  • The gated configuration file
    • Statements of the gated configuration file
    • gated preferences and route selection
      • gated route selection criteria
      • Assigning preferences in gated
    • gated directive statements
    • gated trace statements
    • gated options statements
    • gated interfaces statements
    • gated definition statements
    • gated RIP protocol statement
    • gated OSPF protocol statement
    • gated EGP protocol statement
    • gated BGP protocol statement
    • gated redirect protocol statement
    • gated SNMP protocol statement
    • gated static statements
    • gated control statements
      • gated route filtering
      • Matching AS paths in gated
      • gated import control statements
        • Importing routes from BGP and EGP
        • Importing routes from RIP and redirects
        • Importing routes from OSPF
      • gated export control statements
        • Specifying metrics
        • Specifying the destination
        • Specifying the source (export_list)
  • Configuring a system for IP routing
    • Configuring irdd
    • Configuring routed
    • Configuring gated
  • Administering IP routing
  • Troubleshooting IP routing
• Chapter 6: Configuring the Domain Name Service
  • How DNS works
    • New features in this release of DNS
    • DNS domains and zones
      • DNS domain and hostnames
      • The Internet domain structure
      • Registering a domain name
    • DNS servers and clients
      • Primary servers
        • Stub service
      • Secondary servers
      • Caching-only servers
      • Remote servers
      • Slave mode servers
    • DNS resolution
      • DNS resolvers
      • DNS root servers
      • DNS forwarders
      • The /etc/resolv.conf file
    • DNS utilities and daemons
  • Basic DNS configuration
    • Configuring a caching-only server
    • Configuring a primary server
    • Configuring a secondary server
    • Configuring a remote server
  • Advanced DNS configuration
    • DNS server configuration files
      • Sample /etc/named.boot file
      • Sample root.cache file
      • Sample named.local file
      • Sample hosts file
      • Sample /etc/named.rev file
    • DNS client configuration file
    • Editing DNS resource records
      • DNS resource record syntax
      • Special resource record characters
      • Separating data into multiple files
      • Changing an origin in a data file
      • A (address) resource record
      • AFSDB (DCE or AFS server) resource record
      • CNAME (canonical name) resource record
      • HINFO (host information) resource record
      • MB (mailbox) resource record
      • MG (mail group member) resource record
      • MINFO (mailbox information) resource record
      • MR (mail rename) resource record
      • MX (mail exchanger) resource record
      • NS (name server) resource record
      • PTR (domain name pointer) resource record
      • RP (responsible person) resource record
      • SA (shuffle address) resource record
      • SOA (start of authority) resource record
        • Tuning the time-to-live variable
      • TXT (text) resource record
      • WKS (well-known services) resource record
  • Administering and troubleshooting DNS
    • Troubleshooting DNS
    • Using nslookup
      • Using nslookup interactively
        • nslookup interactive commands
        • nslookup interactive options
      • Querying a single name or address
  • For more about DNS
• Chapter 7: Configuring a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server
  • When to use SCO DHCP
  • How the SCO DHCP server works
    • Manually assigning IP addresses
    • Dynamically assigning IP addresses
    • DHCP options
    • User-defined options
    • Making DHCP work with BOOTP
  • The DHCP Server Manager interface
  • Configuring user-defined options
    • Adding or modifying user-defined options
    • Deleting user-defined options
  • Configuring DHCP options
  • Configuring subnet option sets
    • Adding or modifying a subnet option set
    • Deleting a subnet option set
  • Configuring vendor class option sets
    • Adding or modifying a vendor class option set
    • Deleting a vendor class option set
  • Configuring user class option sets
    • Adding or modifying a user class option set
    • Deleting a user class option set
  • Configuring DHCP client option sets
    • Adding or modifying a client option set
    • Deleting a client option set
  • Specifying DHCP server parameters
  • Specifying the location of the AAS server
  • Troubleshooting DHCP
    • Cannot boot client
    • DHCP cannot find AAS
    • Clients not being configured with all options
  • For more about DHCP
• Chapter 8: Configuring an Address Allocation Server (AAS)
  • How the SCO Address Allocation Server works
    • Address database
    • AAS configuration database
  • The Address Allocation Manager interface
  • Configuring address pools
    • Adding or modifying an address pool
    • Renaming an address pool
    • Deleting an address pool
  • Administering the Address Allocation Server
    • Querying pool definitions and address allocation
    • Releasing, disabling, and re-enabling addresses
    • Configuring the address server
    • Resetting the state of the AAS database
  • Troubleshooting the Address Allocation Server
  • For more about AAS
• Chapter 9: Configuring the Network Information Service (NIS)
  • How NIS works
    • NIS domain
    • NIS maps
      • Understanding YP_MAP_X_LATE
      • Propagating an NIS map
        • Using cron to propagate maps
        • Using the interactive approach to propagate maps
        • Using yppush on the master server to propagate maps
    • NIS servers and clients
    • NIS binding
    • About managing users
    • About netgroups
    • Using NIS maps in the password file
    • Using NIS maps in the group file
    • NIS interaction with security modes
      • Security limitations on configuration
      • Map integration restrictions in Secure Mode
      • Special NIS password change
    • NIS logfiles
  • Enabling an NIS server
    • Planning an NIS configuration
    • Setting up an NIS server
      • Editing YP_MAP_X_LATE
      • Checking the NIS domain name
      • Adding NIS to your PATH variables
    • Initializing NIS
      • Initializing a master server
      • Initializing a slave server
      • Initializing a copy-only server
      • Initializing an NIS Client
    • Reinitializing a server
    • Starting and stopping NIS
  • Administering an NIS domain
    • Modifying server attributes
      • Propagating maps
      • Modifying the remote binding mode
      • Modifying the local binding mode
    • Modifying the NIS domain name
    • Modifying the list of NIS servers
      • Adding an NIS server to the server list
      • Removing an NIS server from the server list
      • Changing the master NIS server
  • Creating NIS maps
    • Modifying existing maps
    • Creating new maps
  • Administering NIS maps
    • Modifying the map list
    • Modifying map attributes
      • Viewing timestamp
      • Modifying map names and aliases
      • Synchronizing servers
    • Retrieving maps from the master server
    • Distributing maps to nonmaster servers
  • Administering NIS logfiles
  • Administering NIS users and groups
    • Managing distributed user accounts
    • Modifying group attributes on servers
    • Creating netgroups
    • Distributing home directories
  • Troubleshooting NIS
    • NIS logging
    • NIS server problems
    • Domain name problems
    • Network problems
  • For more about NIS
• Chapter 10: Configuring the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
  • How SNMP works
    • New features in this release of SNMP
    • Agents and management stations
    • The SNMP protocol
    • SMI: Structure of Management Information
    • Management Information Base (MIB)
      • Enabling the Host Resources MIB (RFC1514)
    • SNMP PDUs and operations
    • Traps
    • Authentication
    • SMUX peers
  • SNMP configuration
    • Configuring SNMP with the SNMP Agent Manager
      • The SNMP Agent Manager interface
      • Selecting another host to manage
      • Configuring the SNMP ``system'' group
      • Configuring the SNMP ``communities'' group
      • Configuring the SNMP ``trap'' group
      • Configuring the SNMP ``peers'' group
  • Using the SNMP commands
    • The definitions file
    • Getting a variable
    • Getting ID variables
    • Getting the next OID variable
    • Getting many variables at once
    • Getting routing information for a given network
    • Getting routing information
    • Getting a subset of routing information
    • Modifying SNMP variables
    • Viewing SNMP status
      • Viewing the system group status
      • Viewing active endpoints
      • Viewing the transport table
      • Showing the routing table
      • Viewing the address translation table
      • Viewing active interfaces
      • Viewing all objects in an SNMP group
    • Testing trap delivery and reception
  • Using SNMP to correct problems
    • Removing an incorrect routing entry
    • Obtaining remote system contacts
    • Marking an interface down
    • Removing an incorrect ARP entry
  • For more about SNMP
• Chapter 11: Configuring the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
  • PPP endpoint configurations
    • Automatic dialup endpoint characteristics
    • Manual dialup endpoint characteristics
    • Remote access endpoint characteristics
    • Dedicated endpoint characteristics
  • Configuring PPP
    • Adding the PPP protocol stack
    • Adding a PPP link endpoint
    • Configuring an endpoint for automatic or manual dialup
    • Configuring an endpoint for remote access
    • Configuring an endpoint for a dedicated link
    • Configuring a PPP gateway
    • Changing default values for PPP link endpoints
    • Modifying a PPP link endpoint
    • Removing a PPP endpoint
    • Removing the PPP stack
  • Advanced PPP configuration
    • Configuring communications parameters
    • Configuring timeout values
    • Configuring link parameters
    • Configuring IP parameters
  • Administering PPP
    • How SCO PPP works
      • PPP support for smart serial port devices
      • PPP links
    • SCO PPP features
    • PPP negotiation
    • PPP configuration files
    • Signaling the PPP daemon
    • How UUCP is configured for outgoing dialup
    • Logging PPP information
    • PPP packet filtering
      • Creating a packet filter
    • PPP authentication methods
    • PPP gateway
      • Proxy ARP
    • Complex PPP connection scenarios
      • PPP gateway scenario
      • PPP server scenario
    • PPP MIB support
    • Configuring PPP asynchronous serial driver support
  • Example PPP endpoint configurations
    • Example entry for automatic dialup
    • Example entry for manual dialup
    • Example entry for remote access
    • Example entry for a dedicated serial endpoint
  • Configuring PPP for use with other PPP implementations
    • Connections with SCO TCP/IP Release 1.2.0 PPP
    • Connections with MorningStar PPP 1.3 for SCO
    • Connections with Telebit NetBlazer 1.5
  • Troubleshooting PPP
    • Verifying the existence of a PPP network interface
    • Using ping to test reachability using host names
    • Verifying UUCP connectivity before PPP use
    • Testing automatic dialup connectivity
    • Testing manual dialup connectivity
    • Testing remote access
    • Verifying integrity of a dedicated serial line
    • Testing dedicated link connectivity
    • Troubleshooting PPP negotiation
  • For more about PPP
• Chapter 12: Configuring the Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
  • SLIP link configurations
    • Dynamic incoming link characteristics
    • Dynamic outgoing link characteristics
    • Dedicated manual link characteristics
  • Configuring SLIP
    • Adding the SLIP protocol stack
    • Adding a SLIP link
      • Configuring a dynamic incoming link
      • Configuring a dynamic outgoing link
      • Configuring UUCP for dynamic outgoing links
      • Configuring a dedicated manual link
    • Modifying a SLIP link
    • Removing a SLIP link
    • Removing the SLIP stack
  • Administering SLIP
    • Running slattach for users other than root
    • How SCO SLIP works
    • SCO SLIP features
    • SLIP configuration files
    • SLIP packet filtering
    • SLIP gateway
    • Proxy ARP
    • Complex SLIP connection scenarios
      • SLIP gateway scenario
      • SLIP server scenario
  • Advanced SLIP configuration
    • Configuring proxy address resolution
    • Configuring TCP/IP header compression
    • Configuring flow control
    • Configuring ICMP packet suppression
    • Configuring the maximum transmission unit
    • Configuring SLIP debugging messages
    • Configuring packet filtering
  • Troubleshooting SLIP
    • Troubleshooting dedicated manual SLIP links
    • Troubleshooting dynamic outgoing SLIP links
    • Troubleshooting dynamic incoming SLIP links
    • Using ping to troubleshoot SLIP link problems
    • Troubleshooting rlogin and telnet problems
  • For more about SLIP
• Chapter 13: Testing connectivity with other sites
  • The Node Check Manager interface
  • Adding a node to the ping list
  • Deleting a node from the ping list
  • Starting and stopping ping sessions
  • Configuring the node down alert
  • Specifying a ping failure action
  • Changing the ping session interval
  • Viewing the ping history log
• Chapter 14: Configuring the Network File System (NFS)
  • The Filesystem Manager interface
    • Authorization
  • How NFS works
    • Distributed filesystems
      • About exporting and importing filesystems
      • Filesystems supported by SCO NFS
      • About mounting and unmounting NFS filesystems
      • Incompatibilities with distributed filesystems
    • NFS server and client daemons
    • NFS configuration files
    • About managing user accounts
    • Remote file locking
      • The lockd daemon
      • The statd daemon
  • Enabling NFS
    • Starting/stopping NFS
    • Configuring the Network Lock Manager (NLM)
      • Setting block timeout
      • Setting the grace period
      • Allocating additional server lockd daemons
  • Adding and removing mount configuration
  • Modifying filesystem mount configuration
    • Enabling users to mount filesystems
    • NFS filesystem advanced mount options
  • Mounting and unmounting filesystems
  • Adding, modifying and removing filesystem export configuration
    • Setting export access permissions
    • Setting anonymous access permissions
  • Exporting and unexporting filesystems
  • Troubleshooting NFS
    • Slow network adapters
    • Network and server problems
    • rnode table overflow
    • Remote mount failed
    • Programs are hung
    • Everything works slowly
    • Validation errors
    • Nonexistent NFS server
    • Troubleshooting failed lock requests
    • Clock skew in user programs
• Chapter 15: Configuring the NFS automounter
  • How automount works
    • When to use automount
    • How automount works
      • Unexpected filesystem behavior
      • Use of redundant servers
      • The mount table
    • Direct and indirect mounting
    • About automount maps
      • Master automount maps
      • Direct automount maps
      • Indirect automount maps
      • Built-in automount maps
        • The -hosts built-in map
        • The -passwd built-in map
        • The -null built-in map
      • Understanding map modifications
    • About mount point conflicts
  • Configuring automount
    • Planning an automount configuration
    • Creating master automount maps
    • Creating indirect and direct automount maps
      • Creating indirect automount maps
      • Creating direct automount maps
    • Setting advanced automount map options
      • Using built-in automount maps
      • Optimizing subdirectory mounting
      • Simplifying map syntax
      • Mounting directories from other operating systems
      • Specifying redundant servers
      • Using multiple direct mounts
    • Starting automount
    • Stopping and restarting automount
    • Unmounting automounted filesystems
  • Managing automount with NIS
    • Mixing local and distributed automount maps
    • Setting automount environment variables
    • Creating local automount maps
    • Distributing home directories with automount
  • Troubleshooting automount
    • Unexpected automount termination
    • Unnecessary automounts
    • automount error conditions
• Chapter 16: Printing remotely over TCP/IP
  • How RLP works
  • The client/server model
  • Installing and removing RLP
    • Manually adding remote printers
  • Deleting printcap entries
  • Setting up a client
  • Setting up a print server
  • Using RLP
    • 4.3BSD clients
    • SCO clients
  • For more about remote line printing
• Chapter 17: Administering a Calendar server
  • How the Calendar server works
  • Using the default configuration
  • Using the calendar over a network
  • Administering the calendar
    • Selecting the Calendar Administration utility (Cal Util)
    • Viewing calendar statistics / troubleshooting (1)
    • Archiving and updating the database (2)
    • Verifying data integrity (3)
    • Merging two calendar databases (4)
    • Converting a calendar database (5)
    • Moving a user's calendar (6)
    • Stopping and starting the server (7)
    • Pausing and resuming the server (8)
    • Configuring the calendar (9)
      • Sample configuration
    • Starting the calendar daemon (10)
    • Examining server log files (11)
• Chapter 18: Configuring the Network Time Protocol (NTP)
  • How NTP works
    • New features in this release of NTP
    • NTP glossary
  • NTP guidelines
  • An example synchronization subnet
  • Using NTP without Internet access
  • The NTP configuration file
    • NTP configuration statements
    • Example ntp.conf file
    • The NTP keys file
    • The NTP clock.txt file
    • The NTP driftfile
    • NTP association modes
    • NTP address and mask facility
    • NTP name resolution
  • NTP sample scenarios
  • Testing and tuning NTP
  • NTP query commands
  • Further examples of NTP
  • Troubleshooting NTP
  • Running mixed synchronization subnets
  • For more about NTP
• Chapter 19: Configuring the Time Synchronization Protocol (TSP)
  • How the time daemon works
    • Electing a new TSP master
  • TSP guidelines
  • TSP options
  • Administering TSP
  • For more about TSP
• Chapter 20: Distributing files remotely over TCP/IP
  • New rdist features
  • Writing a distfile
  • Using rdist
    • Distributing software
    • Notifying users of updates
    • Message logging
• Chapter 21: Installing and managing software over the network
  • Setting up a software server
  • Installing from remote source machines
  • Managing software on remote hosts
    • Installing software
      • Loading software
    • Verifying software
      • Updating product databases
    • Removing software
    • About dependencies
    • Examining software packages
      • Examining installed software
      • Examining software to be installed
  • Installing or upgrading the system from a remote host
    • Installing database files to support remote installations
    • Configuring the ISL server
    • Installing on the ISL client
    • Networked ISL across subnet boundaries
  • About the new product structure
    • Software storage objects
    • Product file locations
• Chapter 22: Making documents available to the network
  • Using a homepage to serve documents to a local network
  • Configuring a help document server system
    • Using scohelp with a remote help server
      • Configuring SCOhelp to use a remote server
      • Using context-sensitive help on a document server system
• Index