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Human Papillomaviruses
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 64
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
This volume of the IARC Monographs evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs). To date, more than 70 HPV types have been identified, of which over 15 have been reported in cervical cancer biopsies. Although investigations of cervical cancer are most abundant, the report also considers the possible involvement of HPV infection in cancers at other sites, including the vulva, anus, skin, and aerodigestive tract.
The first part summarizes what is known about the structure and molecular biology of papillomaviruses, and the epidemiology, pathology, and clinical management of HPV infections, including prospects for vaccine development. The main part evaluates the vast body of epidemiological studies investigating whether infection with HPV causes cervical cancer and cancers at several other cites. Findings from over 100 epidemiological case-control and cohort studies were considered. Evidence reviewed includes epidemiological studies conducted in the general population, studies of HPV and cancer conducted in special populations, including transplant patients and HIV-infected persons, and studies of skin cancer in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. The studies provide compelling epidemiological evidence that some HPV types are human carcinogens, with HPVs detected in over 90% of all invasive cervical cancers.
Part three cites experimental data supporting the carcinogenicity of specific HPV genotypes and elucidating the mechanisms by which HPV exerts its carcinogenic effects. The final part gives a summary and evaluation of all the available data. The report concludes that HPV types 16 and 18 are carcinogenic to humans. The report further concludes that HPV types 31 and 33 are probably carcinogenic to humans, and that some HPV types other than 16, 18, 31 and 33 are possibly carcinogenic to humans.
Contents
- NOTE TO THE READER
- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
- PREAMBLE
- GENERAL REMARKS
- THE MONOGRAPHS
- Human Papillomaviruses
- 1. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- 1.1. Structure and molecular biology of human papillomaviruses
- 1.2. Serological response
- 1.3. Methods for detection of HPV infections
- 1.4. Epidemiology of infection
- 1.5. Pathology of HPV genital tract infection and evidence from pathology for progression to malignancy
- 1.6. Clinical disease of established HPV etiology (other than precancer and cancer)
- 1.7. Therapy and vaccination
- 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
- 3. Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
- 4. Studies of Cancer in Animals
- 4.1. Non-human primate papillomaviruses
- 4.2. Bovine papillomavirus
- 4.3. Equine papillomavirus (EqPV)
- 4.4. Papillomaviruses in cervidae
- 4.5. Ovine papillomatosis
- 4.6. Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV)
- 4.7. Domestic rabbit oral papillomavirus
- 4.8. Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus (MnPV)
- 4.9. Mouse papillomavirus (MmPV)
- 4.10. Canine oral papillomavirus (COPV)
- 4.11. Feline papillomas
- 4.12. Avian papillomavirus
- 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
- 1. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- Human Papillomaviruses
- SUPPLEMENTARY CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES 1–63
- PUBLICATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER
- IAC MONOGRAHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMAS
Corrigenda to the IARC Monographs are published online at http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Publications/corrigenda.php.
Corrigenda to Volume 64. (PDF, 45K)
LIBRARY CATALOGUING DATA
IARC MONOGRAPHS
In 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans involving the production of critically evaluated monographs on individual chemicals. In 1980 and 1986, the programme was expanded to include the evaluation of carcinogenic risks associated with exposures to complex mixtures and other agents.
The objective of the programme is to elaborate and publish in the form of monographs critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity for agents to which humans are known to be exposed and on specific exposure situations; to evaluate these data in terms of human risk with the help of international working groups of experts in chemical carcinogenesis and related fields; and to indicate where additional research efforts are needed.
This project is supported by PHS Grant No. 5-UO1 CA33193-14 awarded by the United States National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services. Additional support has been provided since 1986 by the European Commission.
- ©International Agency for Research on Cancer 1995
- IARC Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
- IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to
- Humans (1995: Lyon, France)
- Human papillomaviruses: views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans which met in Lyon, 6–13 June 1995.
- (IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans ; 64)
- 1. Carcinogens – toxicity – congresses 2. Papillomavirus, human – congresses
- I. Series
- ISBN 92 832 1264 9
- ISSN 0250-9555
- (NLM Classification: WI)
- Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention.
- All rights reserved. Application for rights of reproduction or translation, in part or in toto, should be made to the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
- Distributed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer
- PRINTED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
- NLM CatalogRelated NLM Catalog Entries
- Review Human papillomaviruses and the genital tract: old virus, new developments.[J Med Microbiol. 1995]Review Human papillomaviruses and the genital tract: old virus, new developments.Birley HD, Hart CA, Stacey SN. J Med Microbiol. 1995 Aug; 43(2):81-4.
- Review [Papillomaviruses and genital cancer: the value of detection and eradication].[Prog Urol. 1994]Review [Papillomaviruses and genital cancer: the value of detection and eradication].Libert MH. Prog Urol. 1994 Aug-Sep; 4(4):491-8.
- Review Human papillomaviruses in gynecological cancer.[Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1996]Review Human papillomaviruses in gynecological cancer.Duggan MA. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Feb; 8(1):56-62.
- The occasional role of low-risk human papillomaviruses 6, 11, 42, 44, and 70 in anogenital carcinoma defined by laser capture microdissection/PCR methodology: results from a global study.[Am J Surg Pathol. 2013]The occasional role of low-risk human papillomaviruses 6, 11, 42, 44, and 70 in anogenital carcinoma defined by laser capture microdissection/PCR methodology: results from a global study.Guimerà N, Lloveras B, Lindeman J, Alemany L, van de Sandt M, Alejo M, Hernandez-Suarez G, Bravo IG, Molijn A, Jenkins D, et al. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013 Sep; 37(9):1299-310.
- Molecular and Phylogenetic Characterization of Novel Papillomaviruses Isolated from Oral and Anogenital Neoplasms of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata).[Viruses. 2021]Molecular and Phylogenetic Characterization of Novel Papillomaviruses Isolated from Oral and Anogenital Neoplasms of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata).Skubic L, Hošnjak L, Staheli JP, Dyen MR, Ducore RM, Colgin LMA, Lewis AD, Poljak M. Viruses. 2021 Apr 7; 13(4). Epub 2021 Apr 7.
- Human PapillomavirusesHuman Papillomaviruses
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