This note explains
the following topics: Nucleosynthesis and elemental abundances, Chemistry of the
Earth, Bonding and Substitution, Thermobarometry, Acids and Bases, Solubility
product and ion activity product, Acids and Bases, Solubility of salts and
hydrolysis, Ionic strength and the Dubye-Huckel theory relating activity to
concentration, Thermodynamics, Mineral stability diagrams and chemical
weathering of feldspars, Redox reactions, U-Pb dating and data analysis using
Isoplot, Stable isotopes, Trace and rare earth element.
This
note covers all aspects of molecular biosignatures, such as their pathways of
lipid biosynthesis, the distribution patterns of lipid biosynthetic pathways
with regard to phylogeny and physiology, isotopic contents, occurrence in modern
organisms and environments, diagenetic pathways, analytical techniques and the
occurrence of molecular fossils through the geological record.
Author(s): Prof.
Roger Summons, Dr. Florence Schubotz, Dr. Julio Sepulveda and Dr. Paula Welander
This note looks at the oceans and is
an introduction to marine chemistry. The sub-topics of this lecture includes:
ocean dynamic topography, ocean temperature and salinity; oceanic circulation;
thermohaline circulation, carbon cycle, composition of sea water; variations of
sea water through time, hot vents and cold seeps, ferromanganese nodules, gas
hydrates, radiogenic isotopes in the oceans, U-disequilibrium dating and
sedimentation rates.
This book
brings together the knowledge from a variety of topics within the field of
geochemistry. The audience for this book consists of a multitude of scientists
such as physicists, geologists, technologists, petroleum engineers,
volcanologists, geochemists and government agencies. The topics represented
facilitate as establishing a starting point for new ideas and further
contributions.
This note describes the following topics:
Physics of the Nucleus and Radioactive Decay, Nucleosynthesis, Geochronology,
Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry, Cosmogenic Isotopes in Geochronology, Fission
Track Dating, Isotope Cosmochemistry, Stable Isotope Geochemistry.
This lecture note explains the use Trace Element Geochemistry to
understand the origin and evolution of igneous rocks. The approach is to discuss
the parameters that control partitioning of trace elements between phases and to
develop models for the partitioning of trace elements between phases in igneous
systems, especially between minerals and melt. Beginnings of geochemistry,
Thermodynamic consideration of TE solid solutions, Partition coefficient, Ionic
model for bonding, Nomenclature for trace element classification, Determination
of partition coefficients, Trace element abundance variations in simple
melt-solid systems, Fractional crystallization, Fractional melting, Complex
melting models, Constraints on melt models arising from disequilibrium in the Th-U
decay system, Ion exchange chromatography.