Frank Stephan's
detailed lecture notes on the theory of computation cover quite a wide spectrum
of issues. The document starts with the basics of sets and regular expressions,
then goes ahead to grammars and the Chomsky hierarchy, helping one in
understanding the structure of languages. Then it discusses finite automaton and
nondeterministic finite automata, giving all details about the processing of
strings by these models. The notes also treat the composition of languages,
normal forms, and algorithms used in computation. Membership testing, whether
deterministic or nondeterministic, is also explained, together with the proof of
how models of computation handle language recognition. Finally, the approach is
important when considering complexity, the problems that turn out undecidable,
showing thus the intrinsic limits of computation. This is an important resource
concerning formal languages, automata theory, and basic bounds of
computability.
Authored by Margaret Fleck and Sariel Har Peled, this
is a wide set of lecture notes on the theory of computation. These start with
the very basic objects such as strings and deterministic finite automata (DFAs)
before moving up to regular expressions and nondeterministic automata. This
course covers formal language theory, including some advanced topics such as
Turing machines, decidability, and several language-related problems. It is
intended that these notes afford a comprehensively broad yet deep exploration of
the formal languages, automata, and computability material with an excellent
bibliography that creates interest among students and researchers.
Introduction
to the Theory of Computing is a course that undertakes
an intensive study of the underpinnings of the theory of computation. Beginning
with mathematical foundations, the course moves into regular operations and
expressions, and then into proofs on languages being nonregular and other
further treatments on regular languages. Other important topics include parse
trees, ambiguity, Chomsky normal form, pushdown automata, and Turing machines.
Further, the PDF discusses various types of Turing machines, the stack machine
model, and undecidable languages, making it a great starting point in the topic
of computability.
This
book surveys some of the most relevant theoretical concepts with computational
models. The limits of computation, undecidability of the Halting Problem,
several automata models, including both deterministic and nondeterministic
finite-state automata, pushdown automata, and Turing machines, are introduced.
The ending is dedicated to computational complexity, with NP-Completeness,
approximation algorithms, and hardness of approximation.
This book, written for graduates, covers
general subjects on computational models, logic circuits, and memory machines,
with advanced subjects being parallel computation, circuit complexity, and
space-time trade-offs; therefore, it's a very thorough course on computational
models and their complexities.
This lecture
note from S R Engineering College offers a detailed introduction to key concepts
in the Theory of Computation. It begins with Properties of Binary
Operations, exploring fundamental mathematical operations and their
essential properties like associativity and commutativity. The section on
Concatenation Properties covers how strings can be joined and
the characteristics of such operations, including associativity and the identity
element. Finite Automata are thoroughly discussed, explaining
both deterministic and nondeterministic (NFA) models, and their role in
recognizing regular languages. The notes also cover Formal Languages,
categorizing them into regular, context-free, context-sensitive, and recursively
enumerable types based on complexity. Finally, the Pumping Lemma
is introduced as a critical tool for proving the non-regularity and
non-context-freeness of languages by demonstrating how strings in these
languages can be decomposed and manipulated.
These
broad-ranging notes introduce some of the fundamental concepts in the theory
of computation. The set starts with a brief introduction to formal languages
and their classification, including regular languages and sets. In these
notes, finite automata are introduced, discussing their structure and role in
recognizing regular languages. This is followed by Context-Free Grammars and
Pushdown Automata, focusing on the role in defining and recognizing
context-free languages. This will cover Turing Machines, the original model of
computation; a review of the Chomsky Hierarchy from a perspective on the
various levels of languages about their power of generation. The conclusion
deals with an overview of Complexity Theory, mainly dealing with the P and NP
problems. It gives insight into the computational complexity in general and
into the famous P vs NP questions.