This lecture covers the following topics: X-ray diffraction:
symmetry, space groups, geometry of diffraction, structure factors, phase
problem, direct methods, Patterson methods, electron density maps, structure
refinement, how to grow good crystals, powder methods, limits of X-ray
diffraction methods, and structure data bases.
Authored by Elena Borisenko and Nikolai Kolesnikov,
this huge PDF is a comprehensive package on crystallization, especially dealing
with artificial and natural crystals. Important matters include analyses of
thermal barrier coatings, nucleation and crystal growth in phase-separated
glasses, and the development of novel metamaterials. The research paper has
further examined the influence of amino acid additives on ammonium dihydrogen
phosphate crystal growth. It further discusses the biomineralization process of
biological systems such as the special types of crystal formations within an
organism and then delves deeper into biomimetic crystallization techniques
whereby macromolecular additives are used along with the implications of crystal
growth for health protection. This resource is very useful for the researcher
and practitioner in materials science, offering insights into the complexities
of crystallization processes and their applications in high technology and
biomaterials.
This note covers the
following topics: Structural Dilemma -Isomers, X-Ray results, Crystal lattice
and unit cell, Unit cell choice, The seven crystal systems, Space groups in 3D,
Bragg’s law, Orthorhombic direct and reciprocal cell, Reciprocal lattice, Ewald
sphere, X-Ray diffractometer.