This note covers the
following topics: Structural Dilemma -Isomers, X-Ray results, Crystal lattice
and unit cell, Unit cell choice, The seven crystal systems, Space groups in 3D,
Bragg’s law, Orthorhombic direct and reciprocal cell, Reciprocal lattice, Ewald
sphere, X-Ray diffractometer.
Authored by Elena Borisenko and Nikolai Kolesnikov,
this huge PDF is a comprehensive package on crystallization, especially dealing
with artificial and natural crystals. Important matters include analyses of
thermal barrier coatings, nucleation and crystal growth in phase-separated
glasses, and the development of novel metamaterials. The research paper has
further examined the influence of amino acid additives on ammonium dihydrogen
phosphate crystal growth. It further discusses the biomineralization process of
biological systems such as the special types of crystal formations within an
organism and then delves deeper into biomimetic crystallization techniques
whereby macromolecular additives are used along with the implications of crystal
growth for health protection. This resource is very useful for the researcher
and practitioner in materials science, offering insights into the complexities
of crystallization processes and their applications in high technology and
biomaterials.
Lecture notes
by Dr. Peter Mueller on crystal structure analysis through X-ray diffraction
techniques include key topics like principles of symmetry and space groups,
geometry of diffraction, and computation of structure factors. The lecture goes
on to discuss problems such as the phase problem and direct and Patterson
techniques to solve it. It also encompasses electron density maps and refinement
of structures. Practical issues like growing good-quality crystals and powder
diffraction methods are addressed, besides the limitations of X-ray diffraction.
The notes are a treasure trove of knowledge on the basics of crystallography and
its applications combined with insight into structure databases.