This PDF covers the following topics related to Spectroscopy
: Introduction, Prerequisites, Objectives, Scenario, Basic Concepts,
Introduction, A Brief History of Spectroscopy, Creating Electromagnetic (EM)
Waves, The Electromagnetic Spectrum, Particle Properties of Electromagnetic
Energy, Energy Levels and Photons, Spectra of Light Sources, Regions of the
Optical Spectrum, Emission and Absorption Spectra, Emission spectra, Absorption
spectra, Fluorescence and Phosphorescence, Spectroscopic Instruments, Prism
spectrometer, Diffraction grating, Interferometer spectrometer, Applications of
Spectroscopy, Laboratory, Problem Exercises, Resources.
Author(s): OP-TEC, The National Center for Optics and
Photonics Education
This note provides an overview of the principles and applications
of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, a powerful technique for elemental
analysis. Prof. Yalc discusses the physics that underlies LIBS, including the
formation and evolution of laser plasmas, and shows the components of a LIBS
system, including lasers, optics, and detection systems. The note explores
further the use of laser plasma excitation for spectrochemical analysis, which
is applicable to gases, liquids, solids, and particles. A special issue like
double pulse LIBS, resonance-enhanced LIBS, and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF-LIBS)
are also covered. The importance of this note lies in the recent advances and
applications in the areas of materials science as well as environmental
analysis.
This note
focuses on how spectroscopic techniques can be integrated to determine the
structure of unknown molecules. It starts off with an overview of the
electromagnetic spectrum and basic 1H NMR, moving on to much advanced discussion
about how NMR can be combined with other methods such as IR, UV, and mass
spectrometry for an overall structural analysis. It goes over chemical shifts of
protons, coupling constants, and the use of 2D NMR for obtaining detailed
structural information. Other topics discussed include multinuclear NMR, dynamic
NMR and conformational, as well as chemical exchange rates measurement. This
note is perfect for students and researchers who want to use several
spectroscopic methods in the determination of the structure of a compound.